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+Permacircularity (economy, sociocultural policies and governance)
+
+*The framework of Permacircularity was developed by Christian Arnsperger and Dominique Bourg around 2014, applying the permaculture principles of a permanent culture to the design and analysis of circular economies. In a wide-view analysis of circular economy models and practices, Martin Calisto Friant and colleagues have analysed using various perspectives.*
+
+Approach to social, economic, environmental and political considerations: **Holistic, Segmented**
+
+Technological innovation and collapse: **Optimist, Sceptical**
+
+**Reformist Circular Society** [Holistic, Optimist]
+
+*Assumptions:* Reformed capitalism is compatible with sustainability and socio-technical innovations can enable eco-economic decoupling.
+*Goal:* Economic prosperity and human well-being within the biophysical boundaries of the Earth.
+*Means:* Technological breakthroughs and social innovations that benefit humanity and natural ecosystems.
+
+**Transformational Circular Society** [Holistic, Sceptical]
+
+*Assumptions:* Capitalism is incompatible with sustainability and socio-technical innovations cannot bring absolute enable eco-economic decoupling to prevent collapse.
+*Goal:* A world of conviviality and frugal abundance for all, while fairly distributing the biophysical resources of the Earth.
+*Means:* Complete reconfiguration of the current socio-political system and a shift away from productivist and antropocentric worldviews.
+
+**Technocentric Circular Economy** [Segmented, Optimist]
+
+*Assumptions:* Capitalism is compatible with sustainability and technological innovations can enable eco-economic decoupling to prevent ecological collapse.
+*Goal:* Sustainable human progress and prosperity without negative environmental externalities.
+*Means:* Economic innovations, new business models and unprecedented breakthrough in circular economy technologies.
+
+**Fortress Circular Economy** [Segmented, Sceptical]
+
+*Assumptions:* There is no alternative to capitalism and socio-technical innovations cannot bring absolute eco-economic decoupling to prevent ecological collapse.
+*Goal:* Maintain geostrategic resource security in global conditions where widespread resource scarcity and human overpopulation cannot provide for all.
+*Means:* Innovative technologies and business models combined with rationalized resource use and strict migration and population control.
